Harmless Treatment of Hazardous Wastes

With the rapid development of social economy, industrial production process of hazardous waste emissions are also increasing. It is estimated that the world's annual hazardous waste generation is about 330 million tons. Due to the serious pollution problem and potential serious impact caused by hazardous waste, all countries attach great importance to the disposal of waste in the world, especially in the harmless disposal of hazardous wastes, many governments, enterprises or social organizations have invested a lot of energy and Financial resources for the corresponding study, also produced a variety of harmless treatment. The main harmless treatment methods of hazardous materials are:

1. Safe landfill
This method has the characteristics of wide application, mature technology, large processing capacity, simple process and low running cost, but it can not solve the hazardous wastes thoroughly, and the hazardous wastes will pollute the air, soil and groundwater for a long time. At present, the method is gradually reducing the use.
2. Curing method
The method is a mixture of hazardous waste and an impermeable solid matrix material that chemically inerts contained in the toxic portion of the hazardous substance, and the process is only disposable and cannot completely solve the problem.
3. Surface treatment
Surface treatment mix up dangerous materials and soil, relying on natural weathering to achieve the degradation of hazardous waste, this approach is simple and convenient, but only applies to specific waste.
4. Ocean treatment
Marine disposal is divided into ocean dumping and oceanic incineration. Marine dumping is to rely on the characteristics of the ocean itself to waste the toxicity of dilution or disseminate, marine incineration method is mainly used for organic compounds or relatively high energy dangerous goods.
5. Chemical, biological treatment
Chemical treatment technology has the characteristics of large energy consumption, high cost and side reaction. Biological treatment technology needs a long treatment time, especially for the pollutant cycle which is difficult to degrade.
6. Thermal chemical treatment
The method is characterized by changing the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of hazardous wastes by using high temperature in specific equipment, and has the characteristics of short reaction cycle, flexible technical route, low cost and low running cost, easy automation and the like, representing the development direction of hazardous waste treatment.